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1. The ancients who showed their skill in practising the Tâo did so, not to enlighten the
people, but rather to make them simple and ignorant.
2. The difficulty in governing the people arises from their having much knowledge. He who
(tries to) govern a state by his wisdom is a scourge to it; while he who does not (try to)
do so is a blessing.
3. He who knows these two things finds in them also his model and rule. Ability to know
this model and rule constitutes what we call the mysterious excellence (of a governor).
Deep and far-reaching is such mysterious excellence, showing indeed its possessor as opposite
to others, but leading them to a great conformity to him.
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